BREAST CANCER BASE

Mammography screening breast cancer is still controversial Although mammography screening camera Europe and the United States in some countries has been used, but there has been controversy. Cochran...

Breast hyperplasia and breast cancer is what Breast hyperplasia and breast cancer in the clinical manifestations are mainly to mass in the pathogenesis there are similarities, but some...

Habitat female breast cancer first, the worldwide United States, New Zealand, Canada, Denmark, Iceland and other countries with high incidence of both the 50/10 10,000 more. China and Southeast Asian women is a low-fat, but the past 20 years showed a rising trend, such as Beijing in 1981 breast cancer incidence rate (standardized) 13.3/10 million, from 1990 to 1991 rose to 25.70/10 10000; Shanghai in 1980 to 17.9/10 10000, 1993 to 2.7 to 4.0 million. The age of onset is earlier trends, which may be related to cancer prevention literacy, improve education, structural changes in the diet, with the exception of not add to the pollution. The prognosis of breast cancer is closely linked with the phases, the higher the survival rate of the smaller tumors, tumors less than 1 cm in diameter, after five years, the 10-year recurrence rate of less than 6% to 10%, ≥ 3 cm in diameter, the higher the rate of lymph node metastasis; Lymph node metastasis that there has been prognosis is one of the important factors and those without metastasis five years, the 10-year survival rate is about 90% and 85%, and metastasis was 40% to 50%, showing that early detection, early treatment is very important. Although clinically it is difficult to see developed into a mass of vegetables Synchronized advanced patients, but the breast cancer misdiagnosis of breast hyperplasia, breast fibroids still happened frequently delay treatment, seriously affecting the survival of patients.

A breast cancer, the disease misdiagnosed

1. Gynecomastia also known as mammary dysplasia, cystic disease of breast fiber, mastalgias, female breast disease up to see one of the most misdiagnosed is one of the causes of its intimate with the estrogen imbalance. The clinical manifestations of breast pain and breast tumors with multiple, which is characterized by pain and the menstrual cycle, with the former increasing by remission. X-ray films, see limitations or diffuse sheet, ranging from the size of the retina nodular shadows. Ultrasound examination showed internal echo uneven hypoechoic area with strong band Echo woven into mesh. CT can see breast tissue thickening and nodular hyperplasia, or tablet was massive, slightly higher than the density around glands, enhanced scan density strengthened, it is different with breast cancer, breast cancer early is not typical, if the clinical examination alone can easily misdiagnosed as gynecomastia.

2. Breast Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast tumor, tumor qulaity, the most easily confused with the breast. Breast Fibroadenoma general patients without symptoms, most of accidental discovery, mass 1.0 to 2.0 cm, round or oval, and there is a clear boundary, smooth performance, good activity, and skin adhesion, growth has been slow. X-ray film can be seen rounded lumps and smooth edge, was lobulated, some cancer can occur calcification, and breast cancer is different adenoma coarse calcifications, was a ring block or punctate, the calcification of breast cancer granular sand, the needle-like. CT was seen after adenoma enhance uniformity, the larger adenomas have Edge Enhancement, which can easily be mistaken for Breast Cancer. Breast ultrasound seen mass internal and peripheral blood no obvious color display.

3. Breast cystic disease occurred in 40-year-old before and after the women, and breast gland hyperplasia nodules, part can be cancer. About 10% to 25% combined nipple discharge, mostly serous, and there are also brown, a few of courage, general practitioners right nipple discharge are attaching to do further pathological diagnosis is a good way. X-ray film, ranging from the size of the circular, elliptical shadow of a uniform density, the largest cyst performance for spherical glass, coated with integrity. The disease must be diagnosed by pathological diagnosis, of which the active papillomatosis hyperplasia and dysplasia epithelial cells in particular vigilance, greater chance of cancer, if necessary, regional lesion biopsy done.

2, easily misdiagnosed as benign breast disease

1. Granulomatous Mastitis is a benign disease, rare, easily misdiagnosed as breast cancer, a cancer hospital from 1982 to 1992 among 45 patients treated, 34 of routine X-ray examination, 10 cases of breast cancer misdiagnosis. Mainly to breast lumps, the overwhelming majority of acute mastitis postpartum history, the incidence of the more or late lactation weaned shortly after the tumor was solid, hard and tough. Border unclear. X-ray and examination LCD heat easily misdiagnosed as malignant.

2. Breast fat tissue necrosis occurred in older, obese, more to the breast. Tumors found, and more than 2.0 cm, and hard, obscure, about half of skin redness, and adhesion, very similar to parts of breast cancer, the hospital from 1954 to 1992 treated 64 cases, clinical misdiagnosis of cancer 45 cases, the misdiagnosis rate of 70.3%. Pathologic diagnosis must rely on inspection, was found in adipose tissue necrosis, there are different stages of the reaction of connective tissue hyperplasia, inflammatory infiltration of organizations and foreign body reactions.

3. Breast tuberculosis in China can still see, generally secondary to other sites from tuberculosis. The age of onset of 20 to 40 years old, found breast tumors, located mostly above the breast, hard and tough, obscure, 1 / 3 of skin redness, a skin ulceration, a few sinus, even accompanied by nipple discharge, only a few TB patients have tuberculosis symptoms of poisoning, so easy misdiagnosed as cancer. Tianjin Tumor Hospital from 1954 to 1992 between the breast were treated 105 cases of tuberculosis, clinical cancer was 58 cases, the misdiagnosis rate of 55.2%. X-ray film can be seen in the exudate infiltration, mainly of lumps or nodules, irregular Center necrosis translucent form of cheese - like type, who see a sinus sinus calcification within the video. Further inspection found to be the primary focus tuberculosis.

3, the analysis of the reasons for misdiagnosis

Although these diseases and breast cancer have similar, but careful inspection, a careful analysis of the disease is different, it is difficult diagnosis, so pathological examination can also clear diagnosis, misdiagnosis happened for a reason.

1. Doctors over-confident, some doctors rely on years of practice and experience, Suspension fingers alone, we will know that without taking of X-ray, ultrasound done, the wrong breast cancer diagnosed breast hyperplasia, breast fibroadenoma, the delay time of treatment, which is the most common clinical misdiagnosis many doctors have learned painful lessons.

2. A thorough inspection of certain diseases is not really difficult to identify, early detection of small breast tumors, smooth performance, not because of violations around, a good activity, and no skin adhesion, certainly will not levy Orange, X-ray and ultrasound diagnosis difficult, the most radical solution is surgery biopsy. In fact, many patients and difficult to accept, the doctor did not insist that they "observe."

3. Many patients do not attach importance to women without cancer prevention knowledge, not for regular medical examinations, even if they discover breast tumor, pain, itch without treatment; The need to observe the patient does not timely follow-up treatment, doctors do not know the severity of the changes that led to a number of misdiagnosis.

4, the common misuse of governance analysis

Misdiagnosis of governance is mistaken. Put breast cancer misdiagnosis of breast hyperplasia, breast fibroadenoma, first tell patients is benign disease, no need to hurry treatment, a delay of illness and the second is simply doing breast tumor resection, and this operation is often carried out in outpatient operating room, doctors vigilance is not high, generally do intraoperative frozen pathology, only after pathology, pathology, such as breast cancer is found, hastily prepared to do radical operation, is obviously not conducive to patients.

Put breast benign breast disease misdiagnosed as often happened, the first to patients caused tremendous mental stress, followed by treatment with drugs can breast diseases such as tuberculosis, granulomatous mastitis, as was done in breast cancer surgery will trigger patient disputes.

In the treatment of breast cancer, there are also some misuse of governance :

YYQXT is reinstated with Chinese medicine treatment of cancer two rules, the actual use them quite stress is Deficiency Syndrome - was not apparent to YYQXT mainly Huoxue Huayu, Ruanjian Sanjie; Many chemotherapy patients, is empty of evil, when the attack fill-up; Tumor late upright large voids, and evil has not taken into account only when Fuzheng mainly. The actual clinical, or attacking evil Longing terminally ill patients, still cast a lot Ruanjian Sanjie, Chongqing 400016 goods, patients suffering state, the more upright conscience, Evils bug again hair; Or that patients with tumors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy damage after righteousness, without looking at the specific situation of the patient blindly gut. In fact, after breast cancer has not hurt the spleen and stomach, can be a little conditioning, damaged spleen and stomach chemotherapy patients, even in pirated software, regardless of GC Wong Toi, still used ginseng, deer horn and the intended people strong, anti-zi tired by blocking stomach, so that patients do not think of diet; Thermal radiation poisoning, when the initial radiotherapy Qingrejiedu later Lung damage when Ziyin lungsWarning to prevent the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis. These types of situations are not completed.

Broad perspective, it should also radiotherapy, chemotherapy classified YYQXT rules, how to choose a reasonable opportunity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and ensuring benefit than languishing, it is sometimes very difficult. Limited effect of chemotherapy, side effects, to see the progress of the disease, patients or medical home, stuff, if health is fairly good, the choice of chemotherapy is not wrong, if the constitution is extremely poor and still use the high-dose chemotherapy, is nothing but bureaucracy and speed up patients died; Conversely, some patients always afraid of chemotherapy side effects, chemotherapy without chemotherapy, the progress of the disease, doctors only comply with intent not to work, as well as misuse of governance.

Mistreatment of doctors with the lack of experience, the experience of medical science, for the treatment of patients properly, to some extent, depends on the experience and should therefore humbly ask doctors to old to consult a specialist, if necessary, organize relevant departments consultation for the formulation of reasonable patient treatment programs, detours.

The latest developments will also do not understand the mistaken governance. The rapid development of Medicine, medical students a few years after graduation knowledge already outdated, we must constantly learning and constantly update their knowledge structure, the current treatment of malignant tumors of the many issues still not reached a conclusion, treatment result is not satisfactory, great room for development, yesterday that the good treatment programs, and today perhaps it is not the best option, tomorrow may find many shortcomings, we must keep on learning, in order to progress to patients with accurate diagnosis of the best treatment.

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